Water, steam and air

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Type of education: Elementary school Number of students: Each year, an average of 150 pupils attend the course, distributed in 15 groups. Duration of the project: We plan to run this project for at least 8 years. Related subjects: The world around us, Nature and society, Mathematics Project description: As we approach the 280th anniversary of Sir Isaac Newton's death, it's essential to remember his groundbreaking work that laid the foundation for understanding our world. Newton's laws of motion are three fundamental principles that describe how objects move in response to forces acting upon them. First law: In an inertial reference frame, an object remains at rest or continues moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force. Second law: In an inertial reference frame, the vector sum of forces on an object equals its mass multiplied by acceleration: F = ma. Third law: When one body exerts a force on another, the second body simultaneously exerts an equal and opposite force. We will explore these laws through hands-on experiments using compressed air, steam, and hot water to power vehicles. Students will learn about scientific concepts, observation techniques, and critical thinking skills while developing their research activities. Experiments: Rockets: We will build small rockets that use compressed air from a balloon or a can of compressed gas. Students will explore the relationship between air pressure and speed. Steam powered boat: Using recycled materials or 3D printing, we will create a steam-powered boat that uses hot water to propel it forward. This experiment demonstrates the principle of conservation of momentum. Balloon powered vehicles: We will build small vehicles using various materials, mainly packaging materials, and run them with compressed air from a balloon. Students will explore how different variables affect velocity. Learning goals: * Formation of elementary scientific concepts in natural sciences * Learning initial techniques of cognitive processes: observation, spotting, comparing, classifying, appointment * Encouraging children's interest, questions, ideas, and responses related to phenomena, processes, and situations in their environment * Fostering research activities for children * Encouraging the observation of simple cause-effect relationships, phenomena, and processes * Solving simple problem-situations through experiments on a team