Vacuum tube 3D model

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An electron tube, or simply a tube in North America and a valve in Britain, is an electronic device that manages electrical current through electrodes within a vacuum-sealed container. Thermionic tubes, which use heat to release electrons from a cathode or filament, are the most common type. In contrast, phototubes rely on the photoelectric effect for electron emission. While not all valves/tubes are vacuum tubes, gas-filled tubes share similarities, utilizing electric discharge phenomena in gases at low pressure and often without a heater.