Trout Brain

thingiverse

See here for brain labelling: http://academic.emporia.edu/sievertl/verstruc/Tbrain.htm An excerpt taken from "Environmental effects on fish neural plasticity and cognition" by Ebbesson, L. and Braithwaite, V. Most fishes thriving in challenging environments are able to adjust their physiology and behavior to cope more effectively. Much of this adaptability is supported and influenced by cognition and neural plasticity. The brains of teleosts, such as trout, share many subdivisions with most vertebrates: a brainstem, the cerebellum, the mesencephalon, two optic lobes, paired cerebral hemispheres in the telencephalon (forebrain), and associated olfactory bulbs (Northcutt, 2002). The mismatch between the structural position of fish amygdala and hippocampus homologues appears to be a result of different developmental processes that produce fish and mammalian brains (Salas et al., 2006). During early embryonic development, the fish brain arises through a process called eversion, where the developing brain turns outwards on itself. In mammals, however, an opposite process occurs and the brain inverts effectively pulling the two halves of the developing brain in towards each other (Salas et al., 2006; Broglio et al., 2010). This results in key neural regions ending up in very different positions. Northcutt, R. G. (2002). Understanding vertebrate brain evolution. Integrated and Comparative Biology 42, 743–756. Salas, C., Broglio, C., Duran, E., Gomez, A., Ocania, F. M., Jimenez-Moya, F., & Rodriguez, F. (2006). Neuropsychology of learning and memory in teleost fish. Zebrafish 3, 157–171. Broglio, C., Rodriguez, F., Gomez, A., Arias, J. L., & Salas, C. (2010). Selective involvement of the goldfish lateral pallium in spatial memory. Behavioural Brain Research 210, 191–201.