Torque transducer Kistler 1000

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A torque sensor or transducer measures and records rotating system's torque, such as engines, crankshafts, gearboxes, transmissions, rotors, bicycle cranks, or cap torque testers. Static torque is straightforward to measure, but dynamic torque demands transferring effects (electric or magnetic) from the measured shaft to a static system. One approach entails conditioning the shaft with permanent magnetic domains; their magnetic characteristics vary with applied torque, enabling non-contact sensor measurement. Magnetoelastic sensors are commonly used in vehicles like racecars, automobiles, aircraft, and hovercraft. Torque sensors or transducers often use strain gauges on rotating shafts, necessitating power for the strain gauge bridge and a means to receive signals from the shaft. Methods include slip rings, wireless telemetry, or rotary transformers; newer types integrate conditioning electronics and A/D converters on the rotating shaft. SAW devices attached to shafts and remotely interrogated are another recent development for measuring torque without attaching electronics to the shaft. Twist angle measurement or phase shift measurement can also be employed, such as in the Allison T56 turboprop engine. If a mechanical system involves a right-angle gearbox, axial reaction force on the inputting shaft can be related to output torque after calibration and measured via strain gauge for input stress and static torque meter for output torque.