The Barberini Faun at The Louvre, Paris

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The life-size marble statue known as the Barberini Faun or Drunken Satyr is housed in the Glyptothek in Munich, Germany. The term Faun refers to the Roman equivalent of the Greek Satyr, male woodland spirits with human-like features and several animal characteristics, such as goat-like tails, hooves, ears, or horns. In Greek mythology, these creatures were often associated with Dionysus. This sculpture was either created by a skilled Hellenistic sculptor from the Pergamene school in the late third century BCE or is an exceptionally well-crafted Roman copy, though its current form was shaped by successive restorers in Rome, culminating with Vincenzo Pacetti. The statue was discovered in the 1620s in the moat beneath the Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, which had served as Hadrian's Mausoleum in ancient times. Restoration work on this fortification commenced under Pope Urban VIII of the Barberini family in 1624. A record of the sculpture's restoration exists from June 6, 1628, indicating that it was already owned by Cardinal Francesco Barberini, the pope's nephew. Upon its discovery, the statue was severely damaged; parts of both hands, the right leg, and a portion of the head were missing. Historian Procopius documented that during Rome's siege in 537, defenders hurled statues from Hadrian's Mausoleum at the Goths, leading some to speculate that the sculpture had been such a projectile.