Square Planar

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Molecular geometry for a square planar structure involves a central atom bonded to four other atoms, arranged in a flat plane around it, forming a square shape. This unique arrangement allows each bond angle to be approximately 90 degrees, resulting from the equal repulsion of electron pairs on the central atom. The square planar molecular geometry is commonly observed in molecules containing transition metals or certain main group elements that exhibit d8 configuration, such as palladium and platinum. In these cases, the square planar shape provides a stable electronic environment for the metal center.