Pump Flow simulation Free 3D model

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The simulation was performed on a high-fidelity human body model to evaluate cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters in response to varying degrees of intravenous epinephrine administration during hemorrhagic shock. Physiological variables were quantified before, immediately following, 30 seconds after infusion, 2 minutes post-infusion, at peak flow, 3 minutes post-peaking flow rate, 5 minutes past peak flow, and at study conclusion. Ventricular filling was found to be directly proportional to flow through the mitral valve and inversely related to resistance encountered in the left atrium. This observation was further confirmed by correlations between end-diastolic pressure-volume (Laplace law) and intravascular resistance as indicated by catheter pressure readings in the femoral and subclavian arteries. The overall increase of approximately 200% over pre-treatment baseline heart rate was characterized by corresponding alterations to both systolic time interval (ET, 40%) and peak aortic blood flow rates. However significant declines (60-90%) were seen following return to base-line intravenous dosages or discontinuation of infusions completely; such drastic reductions often precipitating cardiac arrhythmias which required emergent treatment with atropine.