Photonic Mast

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A photonics or optics mast is a sensor device on submarines that functions like a periscope, but doesn't require a tube. This innovation frees up construction space and reduces risk of water leakage in case of damage. The digital equipment replaces the traditional mechanical, line-of-sight viewing system, offering more flexibility in location and size. Unlike periscopes, photonics masts need not be directly above the user; they require only a small hole for cabling. This allows them to fit within the sail of a submarine, enabling control rooms to be placed anywhere. Operated like telescoping car antennas, these masts use arrays of high-definition low-light and thermographic cameras to provide visuals on display panels for analysis. They also support navigation, electronic warfare, and communication functions typically served by optical periscope masts. The Royal Navy tested an optronic mast on the Trafalgar-class HMS Trenchant in 1998, while Astute-class submarines under construction as of 2012 each have two Thales Optronics-manufactured photonics masts.