Pectoral cross

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A pectoral cross or pectorale (from the Latin "pectoralis," meaning of the chest) is a distinctive symbol worn on the chest, typically suspended from the neck by a cord or chain. In ancient and medieval periods, pectoral crosses were worn by both clergy members and laypeople alike, but by the end of the Middle Ages, the pectoral cross had become a special indicator of rank worn exclusively by bishops. Today, the wearing of a pectoral cross is restricted to popes, cardinals, bishops, and abbots. The modern pectoral cross is relatively large and distinct from the small crosses commonly worn on necklaces by many Christians. Most pectoral crosses are crafted from precious metals such as platinum, gold, or silver, and some feature precious or semi-precious gems. Some incorporate a corpus like a crucifix while others employ stylized designs and religious symbols.