Pancreas

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The human pancreas is a vital organ that plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels through the production of insulin and glucagon hormones. The pancreas is located behind the stomach and has two main functions: endocrine and exocrine. Endocrine function refers to the release of hormones into the bloodstream, which are then carried to other parts of the body where they exert their effects. Insulin, for example, helps to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body. The pancreas also produces glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels when insulin levels are low. This hormone stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream. In addition to producing hormones, the pancreas also produces digestive enzymes in its exocrine function. These enzymes help to break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The pancreas is made up of several distinct regions, each with its own unique characteristics. The head of the pancreas is located near the duodenum, while the tail extends towards the spleen.