Oldham Coupling
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An Oldham coupling consists of three discs; one connected to the input, another linked to the output and a central disc that's joined to both first two by tongue-and-groove. The grooves on opposite sides are perpendicular to each other. The middle disc spins around its center at the same speed as the input and output shafts, tracing a circular path twice per rotation around the midpoint between these shafts. Springs can be used to reduce backlash in this mechanism. Compared to two universal joints, Oldham couplings offer a more compact size. Invented by John Oldham in Ireland in 1821 for paddle steamer design issues, it's now widely used in various applications requiring efficient power transmission with minimal space.
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