NKVD Emblem For CNC (Герб НКВД для ЧПУ)

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The provided text appears to be a Wikipedia article about Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. Here is the main content of the article: **History** CNC machining has its roots in the 1940s, when computer technology began to be used in manufacturing. The first CNC machine was developed in the 1950s, and it quickly gained popularity in the aerospace industry. In the 1970s, CNC machines became widely used in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and medical. **How CNC Machines Work** A CNC machine is controlled by a computer program that sends instructions to the machine's controller. The controller then executes the instructions, using various tools such as cutting tools, grinders, or drills. The machine can be programmed to perform complex operations, such as drilling, milling, turning, and grinding. **Types of CNC Machines** There are several types of CNC machines, including: 1. **Milling machines**: These machines use a rotating cutter to remove material from a workpiece. 2. **Turning machines**: These machines use a rotating tool to shape a workpiece. 3. **Grinding machines**: These machines use abrasive wheels or belts to grind and polish workpieces. 4. **Drilling machines**: These machines use a rotating drill bit to create holes in workpieces. **G-Code** CNC machines use G-code, a programming language that instructs the machine to perform specific operations. G-code is used to control the movement of the machine's tools, as well as the speed and feed rates. **Programming CNC Machines** Programming CNC machines requires knowledge of G-code and the specific machine being used. Programs can be created using various software programs, such as CAD/CAM systems or programming languages like AutoCAD. **Speeds and Feeds** The speeds and feeds used in CNC machining are critical to ensure accurate and efficient production. Incorrect speeds and feeds can cause damage to the tool, machine spindle, or workpiece. **References** The article includes several references to sources that provide additional information on CNC machining, including books, articles, and websites. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of CNC machining, including its history, types of machines, programming languages, and speeds and feeds.