Nephron

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The human kidney is composed of over one million microscopic units called nephrons. Each nephron works as a highly specialized filter to regulate the body's internal environment. The nephron is divided into three main parts: the glomerulus, the renal tubule, and the collecting duct. The glomerulus is where blood filtration takes place, allowing waste products to pass through while keeping essential nutrients within the bloodstream. This process relies heavily on the unique properties of capillary walls. Next, the filtrate passes into the renal tubules, which are responsible for reabsorbing useful substances back into the body's circulation and excreting excess water and salt as urine. The nephron plays a crucial role in maintaining proper fluid balance and electrolyte levels within the human body.