Metsamor - Citadel

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The fortress of Metsamor sits atop a massive volcanic hill called Mets Blur (Big Hill), positioned about 40 kilometers southwest from Yerevan in Armenia. As one of the most significant archaeological sites in the southern Caucasus region, it boasts an incredibly rich history. Between the 1960s and 1990s, Armenian archaeologist Emma Khanzadyan led extensive excavations at the citadel and nearby necropolis. The fortress itself houses numerous buildings that span a wide chronological spectrum. Human presence on the site dates back to the early days of the IV millennium BC, with continuous occupation in intervals until the 17th century AD. Notably, the main period of occupation occurred during the Late Bronze - Early Iron Age (14th - 8th century BC), when Metsamor functioned as a major hub for metal production.