Mannequin de crash-test Hybrid 3

thingiverse

Human: Hybrid III, the mannequin homme 50e that first appeared in 1976, is a familiar crash test dummy and now part of a family. If it could stand up, it would measure 175 cm tall and weigh 77 kg. It occupies the driver's seat in all frontal impact tests at 65 km/h conducted by the Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). It is accompanied by a "big brother", the Hybrid III 95e, 188 cm for 100 kg. Mrs. Hybrid III is a woman dummy of the 5th percentile, 152 cm and 50 kg. The three child dummies Hybrid III represent ten-year-old children and 21 kg, and six- and three-year-olds and 15 kg. The child models are very recent additions to the family of crash test dummies; due to the lack of reliable data on the effects of accidents on children and the difficulty in obtaining such data, these models are mainly based on evaluations and approximations. Each Hybrid III undergoes a pre-test calibration. Its head is removed and dropped from a height of 40 cm to check its instrumentation. The head and neck are then assembled, moved, and suddenly stopped to verify proper neck flexion. The dummies are covered with chamois skin. The knees are struck with a metal probe to check for tire damage. Finally, the head and neck are reattached to the body, which is attached to a test platform and violently struck in the chest by a heavy pendulum, to verify rib flexion. When the dummy is declared fit for testing, it is dressed in yellow, marks are painted on its head and knees, and calibration markers are attached to the side of its head, making it easier for experimenters when slow-motion films are viewed. The dummy is then placed in the test vehicle. Forty-four data channels, located on all parts of Hybrid III's body, record between 35,000 and 40,000 values during the 100-150 milliseconds that a typical crash test lasts. These data are first stored in a device in the dummy's chest before being transferred to a computer at the end of the test. Thanks to standardization, Hybrid parts are interchangeable. Not only can a dummy be used for multiple crash tests, but if one part fails, it can be replaced by a new one. A fully instrumented dummy is worth around 150,000 euros. The Hybrids III are designed to study the effects of frontal impacts and are less interesting for evaluating the effects of other types of impacts, such as lateral impacts, rear impacts, or rollovers. After frontal collisions, in fact, accidents causing the most serious injuries are lateral impacts.