Julius Caesarat The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

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Gaius Julius Caesar; 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a skilled Roman statesman and general who penned notable works of Latin prose. He played a pivotal role in the events that led to the downfall of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar joined forces with Crassus and Pompey, forming a powerful political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were met with fierce opposition from the conservative ruling class within the Roman Senate, who frequently received support from Cato the Younger and Cicero. Caesar's victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, expanded Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. He became the first Roman general to cross both when he built a bridge across the Rhine and launched the first invasion of Britain.