Human Spinal Injury Anatomy

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Spinal cord damage causes changes to its function, leading to loss of muscle control, sensation, or autonomic functions in body parts served by the spinal cord below the injury site. The level of the spinal cord where the injury occurs determines the severity of symptoms, ranging from pain and numbness to paralysis and incontinence. Injuries can be classified as complete, with total loss of sensation and muscle function, or incomplete, where some nerve signals can travel past the injured area. Complications such as muscle wasting, pressure sores, infections, and breathing difficulties can arise in both short-term and long-term periods following injury.