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The international scientific community has long recognized the devastating effects of deforestation on tropical rain forests. Brazil, a country particularly hard hit by this issue, took action to curb it in 2004, but despite these efforts, the rate of deforestation continues to accelerate at an alarming pace. In 2016, the rate exceeded that of the previous year by a staggering 29 percent, up from an average annual increase of 24 percent. Brazil's Amazon basin and rain forests are not alone in facing deforestation problems; Honduras has lost half its forest cover, Nigeria has cleared nearly all its trees, and other countries such as the Philippines, Ghana, Indonesia, and Nepal are also severely affected. The primary reason for this widespread destruction is to clear land for cattle ranches and small-scale agriculture, with logging remaining a significant economic activity in many areas. In addition to these human activities, forest fires claim billions of trees each year, resulting in an area of forest cover loss equivalent to that of New Zealand in 2016. The effects of deforestation are far-reaching, affecting not only the countries where it occurs but also the global community as a whole. They include habitat loss for animals and humans, soil erosion, drier air, and a warmer planet. The role of trees as carbon sinks is critical; a single tree can absorb 48 pounds of carbon dioxide per year while filtering pollutants from the air. When trees are cut down, the carbon dioxide they would have absorbed remains in the atmosphere or is absorbed by increasingly acidified oceans, leading to global warming. This is one of the most pressing ecological issues facing humanity today. The loss of trees also contributes to mass extinction; scientists predict that 30 to 50 percent of all species could become extinct by mid-century. Deforestation removes habitats for tree-dwelling animals, birds, and insects, while global warming, fueled by deforestation, kills fish and amphibians, as well as other creatures. This has severe social implications for people living in forests who must relocate to inhabited areas. Furthermore, the removal of trees makes the air drier and hotter, making it harder for plants and foliage to survive. Tree roots help bind soil, preventing erosion; without them, catastrophic landslides can occur during heavy rainstorms, leveling houses and rendering land unusable for building or agriculture.