heart

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The heart stands out as a vital organ within the vertebrate body. Its primary objective is to generate energy for blood circulation and ensure that blood reaches every corner of the body. The human heart, which measures about the size of a fist and tips the scales at 250 grams, is situated in the lower left-central region of the thoracic cavity. Typically, women's hearts are slightly smaller and lighter than men's. The human heart resembles a peach in shape, positioned above the diaphragm, nestled between the lungs, and tilting to the left. The heart consists of myocardium, left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle. The left ventricular wall is the thickest among them. These four chambers serve as the sole passageway for systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. Valves (atrioventricular valves) are present between the atria and the ventricles. They permit blood to flow only from the atrium to the ventricle, preventing it from flowing in the opposite direction. The heart plays a crucial role in promoting blood circulation, ensuring that organs and tissues receive adequate blood supply, supplying oxygen and essential nutrients, and removing metabolic waste products (such as carbon dioxide, inorganic salts, urea, and uric acid) to maintain normal cellular metabolism and function.