Heart Low-poly 3D model

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The heart, found in most animals, pumps blood through their circulatory systems to provide oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. In humans, it's located between the lungs and has four chambers - left and right atria, and ventricles. Fish have two-chambered hearts, whereas reptiles possess three. A healthy heart maintains unidirectional blood flow due to valves; its structure comprises three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The heart's rhythm is determined by pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, with oxygen-poor blood entering from superior and inferior venae cavae, passing through the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation for oxygenation before returning via the left atrium and ventricle to be pumped into the aorta. The average resting heart rate is 72 beats per minute; exercise can increase this temporarily but lower it in the long term, benefiting heart health. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, primarily due to coronary artery disease and stroke, with risk factors including smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, high cholesterol, hypertension, and poorly managed diabetes. Diagnosis involves medical history, stethoscope examination, ECG, and ultrasound; treatment may involve various specialties, including cardiologists who specifically focus on heart diseases.