Gravestone of Anton Rubinstein

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Anton Grigorevich Rubinstein, born on November 28 [O.S. November 16], 1829, was a Russian pianist, composer, and conductor who played a pivotal role in shaping Russian culture by founding the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. His younger brother, Nikolai Rubinstein, founded the Moscow Conservatory, making him the elder sibling of two influential figures in Russian music education. As a virtuosic pianist, Rubinstein stood out among his peers as one of the great keyboard musicians of the 19th century. He gained widespread recognition for his series of historical recitals, which consisted of seven consecutive concerts that showcased the evolution of piano music. These performances were given throughout Russia and Eastern Europe and even in the United States during his tour there. Rubinstein's legacy extends beyond his accomplishments as a pianist to his impact as an educator. He is particularly renowned for mentoring Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in composition, but he was also a prolific composer himself. Throughout his life, Rubinstein produced 20 operas, with "The Demon" being the most celebrated among them. His compositional output included five piano concertos, six symphonies, and numerous solo piano works, as well as an extensive collection of chamber ensemble pieces.