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The Human Genome Project, a collaborative international research effort, mapped the entire human genome to its 3 billion base pairs by April 2003. The project was formally launched in 1990 and required nearly 15 years of research to complete. A total of 20 laboratories around the world worked together on this massive undertaking, making it one of the largest collaborative scientific efforts ever undertaken. The project's goal was to identify all of the genes in human DNA and determine their functions. The Human Genome Project has led to a number of significant advances in our understanding of human biology and disease. For example, genetic testing can now be used to diagnose genetic disorders before they cause symptoms. Additionally, researchers have been able to identify genetic variations that are associated with an increased risk of certain diseases. The Human Genome Project also laid the foundation for the development of personalized medicine, which involves tailoring medical treatment to an individual's unique genetic profile. This approach has shown promise in improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. Overall, the Human Genome Project has had a profound impact on our understanding of human biology and disease, and its findings continue to shape the field of genetics today.