Frog Brain

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Many parts of a frog's brain mirror those found in humans, consisting of two olfactory lobes, two cerebral hemispheres, a pineal body, two optic lobes, a cerebellum and a medulla oblongata. The cerebellum controls muscular coordination and posture, while the medulla oblongata regulates respiration, digestion, and other automatic functions. Compared to humans, a frog's cerebrum is significantly smaller in size. Frogs possess ten pairs of cranial nerves that transmit information directly from the outside to the brain, as well as ten pairs of spinal nerves that convey data from the extremities to the brain via the spinal cord. In contrast, amniotes - including mammals, birds and reptiles - have twelve pairs of cranial nerves.