Foot Muscles

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Humans possess a robust and intricate mechanical framework known as the foot, comprising 26 bones, 33 joints (20 of which are dynamically connected), and more than a hundred muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The joints of the foot include the ankle and subtalar joint and the interphalangeal articulations. A comprehensive anthropometric study involving 1197 North American adult Caucasian males with an average age of 35.5 years found that a man's foot length averaged 26.3 cm with a standard deviation of 1.2 cm. The muscles influencing the foot can be categorized into extrinsic muscles, originating from the anterior or posterior aspect of the lower leg, and intrinsic muscles, originating from the dorsal (upper) or plantar (lower) aspects of the foot.