DNA Model solidworks 2001

grabcad

DNA, a molecule carrying genetic instructions vital to all living organisms and many viruses, consists of two strands forming a double helix. These strands, known as polynucleotides, are composed of nucleotides, each containing a nitrogen-containing nucleobase (C, G, A, or T), deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate group. Covalent bonds join the nucleotides together, forming an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. The strands are bound by hydrogen bonds according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with G) to create double-stranded DNA. In humans, more than 98% of DNA is non-coding and does not serve as a pattern for protein sequences; the total related DNA base pairs on Earth amount to 5.0 x 1037 and weigh 50 billion tonnes. DNA stores biological information with its resilient backbone, and it replicates when strands separate. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into chromosomes, while in prokaryotes, it is stored in the cytoplasm. Chromatin proteins like histones compact and organize DNA within eukaryotic chromosomes, guiding interactions with other proteins to control transcription. Discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and structurally identified by Watson and Crick in 1953, DNA is also used by researchers for exploring physical laws and theories, as well as a material in nanofabrication.