DIFFERENTIAL GEARBOX

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A differential gearbox is a mechanical device commonly used in vehicles to allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds while still maintaining power distribution to both wheels. This is essential for smooth turning and traction control, especially when the vehicle is taking a corner or one wheel encounters a different level of resistance or grip compared to the other.In most vehicles, power from the engine is transmitted to the differential gearbox through the driveshaft. The differential gearbox then distributes this power to the two wheels while enabling them to rotate at different speeds. Here's a simplified explanation of how a differential gearbox works:Input Power: The engine's power is sent to the differential gearbox through the driveshaft.Ring and Pinion Gears: Inside the differential housing, there are two main gears: the ring gear and the pinion gear. The ring gear is connected to the differential case and the axles, while the pinion gear receives power from the driveshaft.Side Gears and Spider Gears: The ring gear is connected to a set of side gears. The side gears are meshed with smaller gears known as spider gears. The spider gears allow the side gears to rotate independently of each other.Wheel Axles: The side gears are attached to the wheel axles, which are connected to the vehicle's wheels.Cornering or Uneven Surfaces: When the vehicle is driving straight, both wheels can rotate at the same speed because the spider gears simply rotate within the differential case. However, during a turn or when one wheel encounters different resistance (e.g., on slippery terrain), the spider gears allow the side gears to rotate at different speeds, allowing the wheels to turn at different rates.Equal Torque Distribution: While the wheels can rotate at different speeds, the differential gearbox ensures that torque is evenly distributed between the wheels. This helps prevent wheel spin and provides better traction.Limited-Slip and Locking Differentials: In some cases, vehicles are equipped with limited-slip or locking differentials. Limited-slip differentials use friction or mechanical mechanisms to partially restrict the speed difference between the wheels, enhancing traction. Locking differentials can be manually engaged or automatically activated to completely lock the two wheels together, providing equal torque distribution regardless of traction conditions.