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Deer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the ruminant animal. For other uses, see Deer (disambiguation). Fawn and Stag redirect here. For other uses, see Fawn (disambiguation) and Stag (disambiguation). Deer Temporal range: Early Oligocene–Recent PreЄ Geologic Time Scale Family Cervidae five species.jpg Images of a few members of the family Cervidae, consisting of the red deer, the sika deer, the barasingha, the reindeer, and the white-tailed deer. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Infraorder: Pecora Family: Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820 Subfamilies Capreolinae Cervinae Hydropotinae Deer range.png The native range of all species of deer. Deer are hoofed ruminant mammals that form the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer include the Cervinae, which consists of the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the fallow deer, and the chital; and the Capreolinae, which includes the reindeer (caribou), the roe deer, and the moose. Female reindeer and male deer from all species except the Chinese water deer grow new antlers each year, only to shed them again in a cycle of growth and shedding that repeats annually. This cycle sets deer apart from permanently horned antelope, which are part of a different family (Bovidae) within the same order of even-toed ungulates. The musk deer of Asia and chevrotains of tropical African and Asian forests belong to separate families – Moschidae and Tragulidae, respectively – within the ruminant clade. These animals are not more closely related to deer than other even-toed ungulates are. Deer appear in various forms of art from Paleolithic cave paintings forward. Their role extends into mythology, religion, literature, and heraldry throughout history. Deer meat is used as venison, while their skins serve as strong buckskin and their antlers make sturdy handles for knives. Deer hunting has been a long-standing activity since at least the Middle Ages, and many families continue to rely on it today.