Crack growth Free 3D model

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Pipe cracks begin to form in response to varying factors including chemical and environmental stresses. Chemical degradation within pipelines typically originates from contaminants that dissolve into surrounding pipe material as time passes. The introduction of incompatible fluids or high-temperature conditions may also accelerate this deterioration process. Meanwhile, stress caused by thermal cycling during winter heating can lead external defects near weak areas on piping surfaces. These forms are particularly pronounced in situations where pipes were laid with an inadequate amount of insulation for extreme temperatures or those made from thinner metals susceptible to increased pressure loss. Extraneous factors include soil displacement due excavation work performed in nearby regions resulting into pipeline misalignment and causing further crack expansion over time.