Copper nuclear structure

thingiverse

This atomic nucleus file has better quality than the previous nuclei of iron, nickel, and carbon. This copper nucleus has all spheres connected, allowing a 3D printer to print one solid model instead of a loose set of balls that collapse. A stl file is also provided so the Thingiviewer can be used to rotate the simulated copper nucleus. White protons and blue neutrons form six pyramids of nucleons on a cube of nucleons. The lattice is called Face Armored Cubic, as it has six sides covered by these pyramids. Copper has one more proton than nickel, causing one proton ring to get shorted out. The ring of 12 protons touches the coaxial proton, making copper nonferrous and nickel a ferromagnetic element. Ferromagnetic elements have two coaxial rings of protons, while gadolinium has 18 protons in each ring and nickel has 12 protons in each ring. Copper is like nickel, except for an added proton that ruins one coaxial ring. This makes copper not be a ferromagnetic element but rather nonferrous. See the Journal of Nuclear Physics, March 2019, Alan Folmsbee's article "Magnetism from iron's nuclear structure".