Centurion helmet

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A centurion served as a highly trained professional officer within the Roman army following significant reforms in 107 BC. Typically, centurions led groups consisting of around 80 men, known as centuries, but senior officers commanded larger cohorts or assumed key staff positions within their respective legions. The Roman navy also featured centurions, while in the Byzantine Army, they were referred to as kentarchs. Centurions wielded the vine staff as a symbol of their authority, using it to discipline even Roman citizens who were otherwise shielded from physical punishment by the Porcian Laws.