Boris Pasternak

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Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1890 – 30 May 1960) was a renowned Soviet Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's first book of poems, My Sister, Life (1917), stands as one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Pasternak's translations of stage plays by Goethe, Schiller, Calderon and Shakespeare remain extremely popular with Russian audiences worldwide. Outside Russia, however, Pasternak is best known as the author of Doctor Zhivago (1957), a novel that takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the First World War. Doctor Zhivago was initially rejected for publication in the USSR due to its sensitive content. At the instigation of Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Doctor Zhivago was clandestinely smuggled to Milan and published in 1957 with significant support from the CIA across Europe. Pasternak's remarkable literary achievements culminated in him being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, a prestigious honor that both humiliated and infuriated the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In response, Pasternak was forced to decline the prize, though his descendants later accepted it in his name in 1988. A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure, meticulously depicting a person's head, neck, and variable portions of the chest and shoulders. Typically supported by a plinth, these forms recreate the likeness of an individual with remarkable accuracy. These may be crafted from any medium used for sculpture, such as marble, bronze, terracotta or wood. Sculptural portrait heads from classical antiquity are often displayed as busts. However, these are frequently fragments from full-body statues, or were created to be inserted into existing bodies.