Bonsai Robot

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Designing a Maze Navigating Robot Using Arduino Creating an Arduino-based robotic system capable of navigating through complex mazes is a challenging yet fascinating project that can be accomplished with relative ease and at minimal cost. This guide outlines the necessary steps to assemble and program an Arduino-powered maze-solving robot, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the underlying principles and technical requirements. Hardware Requirements Gather the following components to build your maze robot: * Arduino Uno board * DC motor driver (L298N) * Two DC motors with wheels * Ultrasonic sensor module HC-SR04 * Infrared transmitter and receiver pair * Breadboard and jumper wires * Power source (9V battery) Software Requirements To program the Arduino, you'll need to install the following libraries: * `Wire` library for I2C communication * `Servo` library for motor control * `NewPing` library for ultrasonic distance measurement Assembly Instructions 1. Connect the DC motor driver to the Arduino board, ensuring proper power supply and signal connections. 2. Attach the ultrasonic sensor module to the breadboard and connect it to the Arduino's digital pins 9 and 10. 3. Connect the infrared transmitter and receiver pair to the breadboard and connect them to the Arduino's digital pins 5 and 6. 4. Power on the robot using a 9V battery. Programming the Robot Open the Arduino IDE and create a new project. Include the necessary libraries and define the motor control and ultrasonic sensor variables. ``` #include <Wire.h> #include <Servo.h> #include <NewPing.h> const int motorPin1 = 2; const int motorPin2 = 3; const int ultrasonicTrig = 9; const int ultrasonicEcho = 10; void setup() { pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT); pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // Read ultrasonic distance unsigned int distance = sonarPing(ultrasonicTrig, ultrasonicEcho); // Move forward if within maze boundaries if (distance < 20) { digitalWrite(motorPin1, HIGH); digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW); } // Turn right if out of bounds else if (distance > 40) { digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW); digitalWrite(motorPin2, HIGH); } delay(50); } unsigned int sonarPing(int trigPin, int echoPin) { pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); pinMode(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); pinMode(trigPin, LOW); unsigned long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); return (duration / 29.1) / 2; } ``` Calibration and Testing Before deploying the robot, calibrate its navigation system by manually guiding it through a maze while observing the ultrasonic sensor readings on the Arduino serial monitor. Adjust the distance thresholds as necessary to optimize the robot's performance. Once calibrated, test the robot in various mazes to evaluate its ability to navigate through complex paths.