Anatomically Correct (mostly) Human Skull

thingiverse

UPDATE 10/4/17 Thanks to PteroDancer we now have a detailed description of which anatomical features are missing from this model: Missing anatomical features include an incomplete foremen rotundum, hypoglossal canal, pterygoid canal, optic canal, enlarged inferior orbital fissure, no vomer/perpendicular plate of ethmoid, non-existent infraorbital canal in the orbit, no stylomastoid foramen, no petrotympanic fissure, and hiatus/groove missing for the greater petrosal nerve. Furthermore, the foramen spinosum is nonexistent, which is a significant oversight. Additionally, the crista galli should be more pronounced or the anterior cranial fossa should be more concave, somethings not right there. Missing features also include no carotid canal and lesser palatine foramen, greater palatine foramen need to be pronounced more. The zygomaticofacial foramen and nasal bones are missing. UPDATE 2/10/16 A 14-Month Delay: Sorry ok... After a considerable delay of 14 months longer than anticipated, I have finally uploaded an unsupported version of this skull model. However, it is still lacking the top portion, and I continue to search for this missing part. UPDATE 4/23/15 Uploading the Correct Version It has been brought to my attention that the cranium file uploaded on April 20th was not the final, solid version intended for printing. Instead, it was a shelled version which will not print correctly. To rectify this situation, I have re-uploaded the correct supported solid version titled "Cranium_supported.stl". I encourage you to enjoy using this accurate and complete skull model. A Human Skull This is a fully supported, anatomically correct human skull model that showcases intricate details of the cranial floor through a transverse plane. The model is presented at half scale and measures roughly the size of an adult human skull when printed at normal resolution on an Ultimaker2. Upon printing, small details like foramens and canals are easily visible (as demonstrated in photographs). The model's unique assembly technique involved putting each bone together, resulting in ridges at every interface. This anatomical accuracy makes it a valuable learning tool for medical students. Included Bones This skull model comprises of the following individual bones: -Frontal bone -Left parietal bone -Left temporal bone -Occipital bone -Right parietal bone -Right temporal bone -Ethmoid -Sphenoid -Right zygomatic bone -Left zygomatic bone -Left palatine bone -Right palatine bone -Left maxilla -Right maxilla -Atlas Skull Model Accuracy A model of this level of accuracy would typically cost medical students upwards of $300. In contrast, you can now obtain it for the cost of material at your local 3D printing location. Source Files The files utilized in this project were sourced from BodyParts3D, a renowned life science database center licensed under CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan. (http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/?lng=en) After obtaining these source files, they underwent the following processing: * Importing into Meshmixer * Combining and slicing bones * Making solid supports and exporting final parts as STL Printing Specifications To achieve better print quality, please print slower. Also, do not scale down too small, as this may cause supports to be overly flimsy.