An engraved cow from Manda China (Ennedi, Chad)

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This cow stands approximately 35 cm from nose to tail tip. The engraved and painted cows on the Manda China shelter's forehead are identical in outline, suggesting they were created by the same artist or artists' school. The depth of the incised lines and their intersecting relationships hint at the possible sequence of design. The top line was likely drawn first, followed by the legs. Thin, shallow lines for the horns, udder, teats, and hooves completed the animal form during final polishing. Body proportions and conventional distortions of this cow figure are characteristic of Tamada style (Recent Cattle Period). Reference Alessandro Menardi Noguera 2018. The emergence of an artistic canon at the Tamada discontinuity (Ennedi, Chad) occurred at the 20th International Rock Art Congress IFRAO, Valcamonica, August 29 - September 2, 2018.