Amygdaloidal basalt (igneous rock), Romania

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Locality: Romania Size: 9 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm Type: Igneous extrusive volcanic rock Description: Basalt is a fine-grained volcanic rock consisting predominantly of plagioclase, pyroxene, and ± opaque minerals like magnetite or ilmenite. Typically, basalts are hypocrystalline, aphanitic, and commonly porphyric in texture. Magmas usually contain dissolved gas, which forms bubbles as pressure is released during eruption. These bubbles can become trapped within the solidified rock. Over time, groundwater or hot solutions related to volcanic activity pass through porous lava deposits quartz, calcite, or other minerals. Cavities filled with lavas are known as amygdales, and a rock full of them can be called amygdaloidal. Essential minerals: plagioclase, mafic minerals such as pyroxenes, hornblende, and/or biotite Non-essential minerals: hornblende, biotite, and/or pyroxenes Website: http://geology.uaic.ro/muzee/mineralogie/ Concept & 3D-modelling by dr. Andrei Ionut APOPEI