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The human body is a complex machine that operates on multiple levels, each with its own unique set of functions and characteristics. The physical body, also known as the soma, is made up of various organs and systems that work together to maintain homeostasis and enable movement, growth, and reproduction. The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, serves as the control center for the entire body, processing information from sensory receptors and sending out commands to muscles and glands to respond accordingly. The peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that branch out from the spinal cord, allows for communication between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. The endocrine system, comprising glands such as the pancreas and thyroid, produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and development. The circulatory system, made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body. Meanwhile, the digestive system, consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, breaks down food into its component parts and absorbs the necessary nutrients to sustain life. The immune system, which includes various cells and tissues, defends the body against pathogens and other foreign substances that could cause harm. In addition, the musculoskeletal system, comprising bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, provides support and movement for the body, while the integumentary system, made up of the skin and associated glands, protects the body from external damage.